for device, attrs in outputAttrs.items():

            for outputAttr, value in attrs.items():

                outputUri, _index = self._outputMap[(device, outputAttr)]

                index = DmxMessageIndex(_index)

                outArray = pendingOut[outputUri]

                if outArray[index] != 0:

                    raise ValueError(f"someone already wrote to index {index}")

                outArray[index] = value

        return pendingOut

    def _updateOutputs(self, pendingOut: Dict[OutputUri, bytearray]):

        for uri, buf in pendingOut.items():

    def merge(cls, graph: SyncedGraph, others: List[DeviceSettings]) -> DeviceSettings:

        return cls.fromList(graph, cast(List[_Settings], others))

@dataclass

class BareEffectSettings:

    s: Dict[EffectAttr, VTUnion]

    def withStrength(self, strength: float) -> BareEffectSettings:

        out = self.s.copy()

        out[EffectAttr(L9['strength'])] = strength

        return BareEffectSettings(s=out)